Which of the following best describes "constructive notice"?

The concept of constructive notice is best captured by the idea that when a document is recorded, it creates a presumption of knowledge for all interested parties. This means that even if a person has not personally reviewed the document, they are legally presumed to be aware of its contents because it is available in the public record.

This principle serves to protect the rights of those who have recorded documents, such as deeds or liens, by enabling them to rely on the public record to establish their claims. When someone records a document, it essentially informs the public and makes it part of the legal framework governing property rights and interests.

In contrast, having actual knowledge of a document refers to a situation where a person is aware of the document's existence, which does not entail the same legal implications as constructive notice. A document needing acknowledgment by a notary is related to the validity and enforceability of the document itself but does not pertain to the concept of constructive notice. Lastly, the failure of a purchaser to examine the record speaks to a lack of due diligence, but this scenario does not define constructive notice. Therefore, recording a document and presuming that interested parties are aware of it aligns precisely with the definition of constructive notice.